Literature Review. Introduction. In Recent Years, The...

Literature Review Introduction In recent years, the implementation of solar energy and techniques surrounding the management of solar radiation have come to the forefront of the discussion about alternative energy. However, people have different levels of knowledge and awareness about solar energy; they also have varying opinions of solar energy. This leads them to have different perceptions of the implementation of solar energy and techniques surrounding the management of solar radiation. The differences in one’s perception of not only solar energy, but alternative energy sources in general could be more apparent within different demographics of people. These demographics could be related to political party, location, and economic†¦show more content†¦They concluded that this lack of knowledge points to a gap in information about solar energy. Their study also found that there is a nuanced relationship between environmental concern and the use of solar energy, which means that people have ver y complicated and conflicting attitudes towards gathering and processing data that is related to alternative energy. This affects their willingness to learn about alternative energy sources. A study done by D. Fuchs and M. Arentsen (2002) supports the findings of the Rai-Beck study as they found that a lack of knowledge of electricity supply options and the negative consequences that come with electricity use is a barrier to the consumption of renewable energy sources, such as solar energy. Faiers and Neame (2006) found that people who have implemented solar systems at an earlier stage tend to be more knowledgeable on the subject of solar energy. Faiers and Neame also found that knowledge on the subject of solar energy increases the likelihood of buying solar systems. People’s opinion of solar energy. An overwhelming majority of Americans support the expansion of solar energy (Funk Kennedy, 2016). However, people do have a negative opinion of certain aspects of solar energy, such as the high cost of solar energyShow MoreRelatedApplication Of Information And Communication Technology1677 Words   |  7 Pages1. INTRODUCTION In this section, a brief overview of the research topic will be looked into which defines the key concepts, gives description of context and scope of the investigation. This section also provides the aims and objectives of the research topic. Finally, the methodology of the research study will be discussed. 1.1 TITLE The limitations challenging further integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in Nigeria’s secondary schools: An assessment through secondary schoolRead MoreIntroduction And Objectives Of The Study. Introduction1072 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction and Objectives of the study Introduction Enterprise Systems (ES), also called Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, are among the most important business information technologies to emerge in the last decade. While no two industries’ Enterprise Systems are the same, the basic concept of Enterprise Systems is focused mainly on standardization, synchronization and improved efficiency. ERP is basically the successor to material resource planning (MRP) and integrated accounting systemsRead MoreThe Role Of Clinical Governance Project Leader At Mokoia District Health Board Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscusses the 3 concepts of governance, management and clinical governance related to the district health board and includes introduction of clinical governance to the staff of Mokoia DHB. As a clinical governance project leader my role is to introduce the implications of clinical governance to the staff, which comprises cultural considerations, timeframes for implementation and obtaining views of the staff at DHB depending upon the elements discussed in the booklet. DEVELOPING THE BOOKLET The MokoiaRead MoreFactors Influencing Community Colleges to Offer Baccalaureate Degrees700 Words   |  3 Pages Factors Influencing Community Colleges to Offer Baccalaureate Degrees Introduction Community colleges serve many functions in the American higher education system. They serve local populations, offer foundational coursework, and serve as the home of many occupational training programs (Dougherty Townsend, 2006). Recently, a new function has emerged: the granting of baccalaureate degrees, also known as the community college bachelor’s degree (CCB). This type of degree was established in 2001Read MoreElectronic Health Records ( Ehr ) And The American Recovery Reinvestment Act1735 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction With the advent of electronic health records (EHR’s) and The American Recovery Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, electronic health records have become main stream and a requirement for healthcare providers who treat Medicaid and Medicare patients. An electronic health record (EHR) is a digital version of a patient’s paper chart (Health IT, n.d.). EHRs are real-time, patient-centered records that make information available instantly and securely to authorized users. A portion of ARRARead MoreThe Management System Of An Organization1163 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction In recent years, a lot of organizations have emphasized more on efficiency and effectiveness due to higher rate of competition in the industry. This shift in focus is meant to allow organization to deliver the best in class product and service by improving the key performance metrics (Institute for Operation Excellence, 2012). Operation excellence focuses on the entire area of an organization. The area of focus can be broken down into 3, behavior, management system, and process. ForRead MoreWorkforce Diversity: Samsung Electronics1427 Words   |  6 PagesWorkforce Diversity Samsung Electronics Table of Contents Chapter One 3 Introduction Chapter Two Literature Review 4 Sustainability Report 5 Forbes Insights 6 Reference 3 Chapter Three 7 Methodology Qual: Interview Qual: Survey Quant: FM Chapter Four 8 Discussion Chapter Five 10 Conclusion 11 Sources Introduction Samsung Electronics Co Ltd was founded in 1938 Seoul, Korea. The company has been around for decades, providing the world with â€Å"electronic products amp;Read More2. There Is No One Best Way to Make Change in an Organisation. How Does This Inform Your Understanding of Organisational Change Towards Greater Sustainability? Discuss1320 Words   |  6 PagesDiscuss Introduction Organisations are faced with new changes constantly. In order to remain successful and respected, it is important that they respond to changing situations appropriately (Waddel, Cummings and Worley, C 2011). There are many factors that influence an organisation to change; the one that this piece will review is sustainability. Sustainability is a current trend in which organisations are being pushed to move towards a more green approach of business activity. This literature reviewRead MoreQuality Means Meeting Customers ( Agreed ) Requirements, Formal And Informal, At Lowest Cost1343 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 Background 1.1 Introduction â€Å"Quality means meeting customers’ (agreed) requirements, formal and informal, at lowest cost, first time every time.† Flood, 1993 In his definition of quality Flood with â€Å"customers† means both – internal and external customers of a company. Meant are all customers and employees to whom a company supplies products, services and information (Flood 1993). Especially in the services sector the flawless internal and external delivery of services has become very importantRead MorePreventative Measures of Alcohol Consumption in Kazakhstan1278 Words   |  6 PagesAt the recent years Kazakhstani society has identified the increase of levels of alcohol consumption as a major problem, along with corruption, poverty, unemployment, and epidemic illnesses. Current levels of alcohol consumption would seem to be high enough to place Kazakhstan amongst the heaviest spirits-drinking countries in the world, although not high enough for the top place. Many of Kazakhstani social, demographic and health problems are attributable to the misuse of alcohol. According to

If You Ask Me - 1369 Words

I read Betty White’s autobiography, If You Ask Me (and Of Course You Won’t), because I believed she would have a lot of insight on the topics we were covering in class. Betty White is a 93 year old actress who has lived a life full of adventure and continues to pursue her dreams every day, paying no mind to her age. In her book she discussed a majority of the topics we have hit on so far in lecture. The ones that struck me as the most interesting were the physical effects of aging, close relationships, and mental health. These were the topics I focused most closely on from her biography, and the ones I will be connecting to class material. I found that White has a very optimistic approach to aging. She sees it more as an opportunity than as something negative, which we know is a good mindset to have when wanting to age successfully because it can prevent you from feeling like your age is holding you back. The very first chapter of her autobiography is titled: Growing Ol der. This section challenges the stigma that aging is something to be feared rather than embraced. Many people believe that as they get older they lose many abilities, their drive, and their enthusiasm for life. While this is true for some, it doesn’t have to be the fate of everyone who reaches old age. White combats this by staying active, both physically and mentally, and continuing to work on many projects even into her 90’s. She shared that one of the ways she has grown to enjoy aging is by simplyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Article Let Me Ask You This 1729 Words   |  7 Pagesthesis of her whole article even though it isn’t addressed until the last sentence. The whole article is seemingly addressed towards Lewak which makes her the primary audience. That can be seen in the concluding paragraph when Block writes â€Å"Let me ask you this, Lewak†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Jenny Block used Lewak’s article to make a very convincing counter argument for an issu e that women have been fighting against for ages. Block is able to bring a new found light to this argument by keeping in mind the view that mostRead MoreIf You Were To Ask Me What Is Something I Remember From1541 Words   |  7 Pages If you were to ask me what is something I remember from my childhood that was so significant I would answer, food. Food has definitely been such an huge impact in my life. Coming from a Mexican household, it is something that brings people together and makes us connect with all the spices as well as experiment with different tastes. Being so experimental with food at a young age thanks to mom has definitely defined what kind of food I am willing to try and what I will eat. Being a 21 year old womanRead MoreIntroduction: 1- So Let Me Ask You A Question: How Many1396 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: 1- So let me ask you a question: How many of us like to listen to stories? I believe, all of us! And, would you like to name your favorite story? Can you tell me why you like it? Because stories transform us! We receive these stories with the help of our senses, the hearing, seeing, touching, tasting and smelling. We imagine the existence of these stories with the help of our minds, usi ng our imaginary eyes. Some of you might be knowing that I come from Pakistan, a country that is famousRead MoreCultural Diversity Project : Xavier Smith1382 Words   |  6 PagesI interview someone named Xavier Smith over the phone, he works with my Uncle at a. I ask Xavier 20 questions about his culture and heritage background. The first question I ask was â€Å"what is your full name and does it have a special meaning to it?† He told me that his full name is Xavier Smith and that his name is spelt differently in Haiti language, it is spelt Xaviur instead of the American way Xavier. I ask him why does he not use the spelling of the name from Haiti and he said that it is becauseRead MoreAsk Me1643 Words   |  7 Pagesthought 2. Knowing B. Final Words VI. Conclusion An Explication of William Stafford’s â€Å"Ask Me† The poem â€Å"Ask Me† is not as it may seem the first time you read it, you have to read through it a second maybe even a third time in order to take notes about the true meaning that Stafford is trying to get across. William Stafford gives us a paraphrase of his own poem â€Å"Ask Me†, giving the reader a look into what the poem means to him. By giving us the reader a more in depth explanationRead MoreThe Middle Of An Empty Hallway Of Thomas Jefferson High, Myself And Three Of My Good Friends978 Words   |  4 Pageswho we were going to ask out at the school. Mike, the shortest of us all chose first. Mike, said â€Å"I’m asking Sherry Wilson.† â€Å"Who?† Shaun asked. â€Å"Sherry Wilson!† Mike said Shaun replied sarcastically â€Å"Oh, that’ll be easy!† Everyone laughed. â€Å"Who are you asking?† Asked Mike, â€Å"Mariah Lopez!† Shaun replied. Everybody nodded their head in agreement. â€Å"That’s right, Mariah Lopez.† Shaun carried on bragging about her special features. â€Å"You know she has a sister right,† looking at me. â€Å"Nope, I’m goodRead MoreCreative Writing : Personal Essay1155 Words   |  5 Pagesstaring at me with a big waiting smile on his face. Niall, Yeah? A big smile spread across my face, I really liked this guy, why shouldnt I go on a date with him? There was nothing stopping me. Isnt too early for that? Yes, but we could always take things slow? He smiles with mischievous eyes. Okay then, Ill go on a date with you. I hadnt finished the sentence when he was already engulfing me in a big tight hug once again. Man, he sure is a hugger. Great! I was so scared you were goingRead MoreEssay On What You DonT Know Can Hurt You1190 Words   |  5 Pages What you don’t know can hurt you You can learn a lot when you are a kid but at the same time you barley know anything. Not knowing something can affect you sometimes in negative sometime s in positive ways. I was a kid in elementary school I wasn’t much of a talker I was shy ignorant of the ways of the world. No one in my child hood life saw fit to tell me what the middle finger meant no adult that is. So I in school may have done something offensive not knowing the consequences of my actionsRead MoreNVQ Bus Admin unit 41240 Words   |  5 Pagestrack of the time me and my colleagues spend on call and the type of enquiry it is), this way I can ensure that no Customer Advice calls will be lost as I will be readily available to answer any calls that come through. Being the first point of contact, it is very important that I sound positive and friendly every time I answer the telephone as first impressions are lasting impressions. Generally, I answer the telephone with â€Å"Good morning, National Extension College, how can I help you?†, it is essentialRead Moreâ€Å"This Hotel Is Amazing!† Sam Squeals With Excitement As1452 Words   |  6 Pagessqueals with excitement as she opens the door to our room. â€Å"Okay, you have to agree with me that I made a pretty good judgment on going with this hotel.† â€Å"Yes, I have to hand it to you, you did a good job.† I say. â€Å"What other surprises do you have up your sleeve?† â€Å"You will just have to wait and find out.† Sam replies. â€Å"Knowing you, it will probably be something that I won’t want to do and then you will talk me into your bad plans like you always do.† I state. â€Å"That’s what friends are for.† Sam says

Attitudes and values free essay sample

Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate employee values and work-related attitudes in Chinese manufacturing companies in comparison with values and attitudes in Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong. Design/methodology/approach – The paper will investigate employee values at the societal level, attitudes toward the employing organization, work and the determinants of pay. A survey was conducted in two plants in the electronics industry in China, Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong. A standardised questionnaire comprising 39 items was developed by the Denki Ringo research group. Findings – The results of an empirical study in Asian manufacturing companies indicate signi? cant differences, as well as similarities, among values at the societal level and job-related attitudes in China, Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong. It is argued that the differences in work-related attitudes are in? uenced by the respective societies’ historical legacy, and in particular differences in institutional development. Research limitations/implications – In order to draw broader conclusions, it is necessary to explore alternative explanations and conduct further empirical research in other industries. Practical implications – Multinationals interested in developing manufacturing in China could bene? t from information given in this paper about the work-related attitudes of Chinese employees compared to employees in other Asian societies, where they may already have experience. Originality/value – This study contributes to the understanding of factors in? uencing values and work-related attitudes at the societal, organizational, and individual level. Keywords Employee attitudes, Manufacturing industries, China, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong Paper type Research paper Chinese Management Studies Vol. 2 No. 1, 2008 pp. 32-51 q Emerald Group Publishing Limited 1750-614X DOI 10. 1108/17506140810866232 Introduction Many multinationals are interested in developing manufacturing in China, but are unfamiliar with conditions within this emerging market (Foo, 2001). As a result of the economic and social reforms, since 1978, China has experienced tremendous economic growth (Yao, 2006). Chinese managers are facing two challenges: one is to focus on organizational ef? ciency; the second is to change competitive strategies (Wang, 2007). Although there has been a signi? cant body of operational management research (Rungtusanatham et al. , 2003), western companies have experienced dif? culties when managing in China (Foo, 2001). A greater understanding of the values and work related attitudes held by local employees may help managers of multinationals in China. Employee attitudes have been considered an indicator of the future success of an organisation (Hurst, 1995). An attitude is the psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favour or disfavour (Eagly and Chaiken, 1993). People’s attitudes result in them acting in one certain way instead of another (Cooper and Croyle, 1984). Values in? uence attitudes and the strength of those attitudes (Boninger et al. , 1995). Values exist and are communicated through social connections and may vary in different cultures and different countries (Fisher and Lovell, 2003). According to Hofstede (1993), national culture affects management of organizations. Previous studies indicate the importance of the developmental stage of state institutions in the formation of attitudes (Alas, 2006; Alas and Edwards, 2007; Alas and ? Vadi, 2006; Ennulo and Turnpuu, 2001). The longitudinal survey of work-related values in different countries on the basis of China, Europe and the USA found differences in value hierarchies in people according to the stability of institutions at the time they started their careers (Alas et al. , 2006; Alas and Ennulo, 2007; Alas and Sun, n. d. ). In order to ? nd more suitable ways to motivate and lead Chinese employees, a better understanding of their values and attitudes is required. The companies operating or planning operations in China may already have experiences in Asia: in South Korea, or Hong Kong. As there is a signi? cant body of research in Japan, Hong Kong and South Korea, a comparison with these countries may help to understand Chinese employees better. Considering China’s emerging role in the world economy, a more comprehensive understanding of values and work-related attitudes among Chinese employees seems potentially valuable. The research question is, how similar or different are the values and work-related attitudes of Chinese employees compared to the values and attitudes of employees from their neighbours: Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong. This paper contributes to the literature by providing an examination of the values and work-related attitudes of employees from China, Japan, Hong Kong and South Korea. The study investigates how a country’s institutional framework in? uences employee values at the societal level, their understanding of the meaning of work and the determinants of pay, and their attitudes towards the employing organisation and work itself. The paper begins by presenting the theoretical framework for the study, including a discussion of values, attitudes and institutions. This is followed by a description of the empirical study and ? nally the data collected from the empirical studies in these four areas is analysed and the results discussed. Theoretical framework The keywords concerning today’s economy include a changing environment and a divergent work force. There is the need for changes in organizations in emerging economies (Zhou et al. , 2006). As multiple interacting changes have led to a highly complex, confusing and unpredictable state, the focus in the change process has shifted from product innovation and technological change to behavioural aspects of change and attitudes about change (Bergquist, 1993). Organisational change has been seen as an individual-level phenomenon, because it occurs only when the majority of individuals change their behaviour or attitudes (Whelan-Berry et al. , 2003). Therefore, it is worthwhile studying the attitudes and values of individuals also in terms of the theoretical development of international management. The attitudes and values of employees Affective commitment refers to an employee identifying and being psychologically involved with the organization (Meyer and Allen, 1997), and concerns the emotional Chinese manufacturing companies 33 CMS 2,1 34 ties people have with their work (Zondag, 2001). Commitment attitudes could lead to commitment behaviour, which would in turn in? uence commitment attitudes (Reichers, 1985). Therefore, attitudes are important in an organisational context. One of the main factors determining people’s commitment to their jobs is job satisfaction (Wilcox, 1995). People who are satis? ed with their jobs usually develop high levels of commitment, whereas those who are less satis? ed are also less committed. Job satisfaction, de? ned as a pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job (Locke, 1976), is considered as a combination of attitudes about various aspects or facets of the job, which form the overall job satisfaction construct (Spector, 1997). Values have a motivational characteristic (Parsons, 1951) by in? uencing and directing our choices and actions (Gini, 2004). Values have been de? ned as the principles or standards that people use, individually or collectively, to make judgements about what is important or valuable in their lives (McEwan, 2001). Values are shaped by personal beliefs and developed through study, introspection and consultation with others and a lifetime of experience (George, 2003). Many studies have shown the value differences of different nations (House et al. , 2004; Hofstede, 1980). Comparative studies of values indicate signi? cant differences in Chinese and the USA evaluations of value statements (Peppars and Yu, 2007; Ralston et al. , 2006). There are connections between cultural values and job attitudes (Kirkman and Shapiro, 2001). Connections have been found between institutional development and attitudes and values. A comparative study in 15 countries indicated higher job satisfaction and commitment to the company in established capitalist countries compared to former socialist countries (Alas and Rees, 2006). Research results in former socialist countries indicate that the way people form their attitudes may differ according to the institutional developments at the time the people started their careers (Alas and Vadi, 2006). Research results indicate that speci? c institutional environments have an impact on peoples’ value system (Alas, 2005). A longitudinal survey of values, which started in the second half of the 1990s, indicated that Estonian business students who have formed their values under a Soviet centrally planned economy underestimated social values when compared with Finnish students, who had no experience of the socialist order (Alas et al. , 2006). The same study in China indicated differences in work-related values between groups according to the time they started their careers (Alas and Sun, n. d. ). Therefore, in the current study, institutionalism is applied to explain differences in attitudes and values. Institutionalism Institutionalists stress, the importance of the institutional environment in order to understand behaviour (North, 1990). Institutions can be seen from both a structural and a social perspective. In the structural view, institutions exist as institutionalised forms of â€Å"external social constraints†. From the social perspective, institutions can be understood to be operating as behavioural de? ners, which may take the form of either â€Å"cultural accounts† or â€Å"cultural rules†. This means that institutions provide an account of how the social world works, and also embody normative principles and social values (Meyer et al. , 1994, p. 24). Individual organisations are under the technical and normative in? uence of institutionalised environments. A population’s cultural values are typically an essential element behind the ways work is organized in companies (Head and Sorensen, 2005). Many studies have described the impact of national culture on management practices and organisational behaviours, but very few have speci? cally addressed cross-cultural differences in work values among labour forces (Strong and Nicholson, 1998). As China, Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong are all in? uenced by Confucianism (Chokkar et al. , 2007), the author could assume that a similar cultural heritage will result in similar values and attitudes. At the same time, although Confucianism plays a pivotal role in guiding Chinese thinking and behaviour (Nankervis and Ngok, 2007), there have been changes in people’s values (Alas and Sun, n. d. ). Lu and Alon (2004) found a new social group growing during the new economic developments in China. Therefore, the differences in the stages of economic development and political systems should also be taken into consideration. The Chinese economy, previously a relatively closed system, is now on a reform path toward an open, market-driven system. After the war and revolution, China experienced a 30-year recovery period from 1949 to 1978. The Communist Party of China has led the People’s Republic of China under a one-party system since the country’s establishment in 1949. In 1978, an ambitious reform program was launched in China. Rural economy was de-collectivized, private and semi-private enterprises mushroomed, and the state sector steadily shrank (Zhang, 2004). Reform has been accompanied by a decentralization of economic control. The rigid monopoly of the government over foreign trade and the policy of autarky were abandoned (Foy and Maddison, 1999). In recent years, China has undergone rapid economic reform and dynamic organizational changes. The economic reforms, Deng Xiaoping started in 1978 have increasingly introduced market forces into the socialist system. Several major developments have given special momentum to those changes: China entering the WTO, opening the western regions of China, building up an information network, transforming new management systems nationwide, and encouraging innovations and entrepreneurship (Wang, 2003). Currently, economic reforms in China are involving the reform and reconstruction of its enterprises. Nearly, half of the PRC’s economy has been privatized in the past three decades under â€Å"Socialism with Chinese characteristics† and the number of state-owned enterprises declined from 238,000 to 150,000 between 1998 and the end of 2003 (Puffer et al. , 2007, p. 149). Economic ideology most likely evolves from the legal and political systems of a society (Kelley et al. , 1987). The business environment and the political environment of a society can differ and this is true in the case of China. At the same time, business ideology has been considered the primary driver of longitudinal changes in values (Ralston et al. , 1999, 2006). Japan and South Korea have had the opportunities to develop a market economy earlier than China and did not experience a centrally planned economic system. Between the early 1960s and 1997, Hong Kong and South Korea rapidly industrialized and sustained high-growth rates (Fogel, 2005). Hong Kong was a British colony for more than 100 years, in 1997 it was returned to China as a Special Administrative Region of China under the â€Å"one country, two systems† formula (Huque and Yep, 2003). Chinese manufacturing companies 35 CMS 2,1 36 This paper proposes differences in attitudes and values in China compared to Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong. The author hypothesizes, based on results in Eastern and western Europe, that the level of the satisfaction of needs in China, according to Maslow’s (1954) needs pyramid, is lower than in other countries. Therefore, Chinese people turn more attention to satisfying the lower level needs compared to respondents from the other three societies, who are more focused on satisfying higher level needs. This assumption is tested on three levels: the societal, organizational and individual level. Empirical study Methodology and sample The survey was conducted in China, Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong. In each of these societies, the survey was conducted in two plants in the electronics industry: one produces telecommunications equipment and the other electrical goods for household use. On the societal level, questions were asked about values, including the meaning of work. On the organisational level, the issue of commitment to the company was explored. Individuals were asked about job satisfaction and pay determinants. A standardised questionnaire comprising 39 items was developed by the Denki Ringo research group (Ishikawa et al. , 2006) and translated from English to the language of each of the four societies. In order to ensure the quality of this survey, the questionnaire was retranslated back to English. The questions in the survey addressed expectations toward society, commitment to organizations, job satisfaction and attitudes toward the determinants of pay. Items in each question can be seen in the Appendices. There were 2,112 respondents in the sample: 449 from China, 840 from Japan, 571 from South Korea and 252 from Hong Kong. Data from the four societies were compared ? rst according to rankings and after that by means of an ANOVA test. Society level values and attitudes In order to ? nd society level values and attitudes, people were asked about their preferred society and their attitudes toward the meaning of work. The rankings in Table I show what kind of society people prefer. The table shows two columns. Each column contains the same values, but they are ranked differently in each case. If the position of the values in the columns are further than two places apart then they are marked in italics. Such differences were found in ? ve out of eight values. In South Korea, well-established values and ethics are ranked ? rst, and in China, second, but only ? fth in Hong Kong and last in Japan. Material standards are fourth in South Korea and ? fth in China – this item has been ranked last in Hong Kong and one but last in Japan. Social equality is third in China, sixth in Hong Kong and Japan and last in South Korea. Living with peace of mind is ranked lowest in South Korea. Acquiring the results of their own work is third in Japan, fourth in Hong Kong, sixth in South Korea and last in China. According to the ANOVA test there are statistically signi? cant differences between the four societies in all eight items (Appendix 1). People from China put more emphasis on the material standard of living than the others, especially Japan and Hong Kong. At the same time, Chinese people are least interested in acquiring all the results of their own work, which is most important for people from Hong Kong. Well-established values and ethics is also most valued by the Chinese respondents and least by the Japanese respondents. Rankings of items in Table II differ signi? cantly only in seeing work as a way to serve society and concern for serving society. Hong Kong respondents ranked this item Japan Korea 1. 27 People live life by observing 1. 20 Social order is well 1. Social order is well well-established values and maintained with few criminal maintained with few criminal ethics offences offences 1. 27 People can live with peace of 1. 34 Everyone cooperates with each 2. People live life by observing mind other in solidarity well-established values and ethics 3. Social equality among people is 1. 28 People can acquire all the 1. 59 Social order is well highly developed results of their own work maintained with few criminal offences 4. People can live with peace of 1. 28 Individuals can develop their 1. 60 People are provided with a mind lives with great opportunities good material standard of living 1. 33 Everyone cooperates with each 1. 68 Individuals can develop their 5. People are provided with a other in solidarity lives with great opportunities good material standard of living 6. Individuals can develop their 1. 34 Social equality among people is 1. 88 People can acquire all the lives with great opportunities highly developed results of their own work 1. 89 People can live with peace of 7. Everyone cooperates with each 1. 37 People are provided with a mind other in solidarity good material standard of living 2. 31 Social equality among people is 8. People can acquire all the 1. 77 People live life by observing highly developed results of their own work well-established values and ethics China 1. 43 1. 79 People are provided with a good material standard of living 1. 65 1. 45 1. 54 People live life by observing well-established values and ethics 1. 59 Social equality among people is 1. 50 highly developed 1. 77 Individuals can develop their 1. 58 lives with great opportunities 1. 51 People can acquire all the results of their own work 1. 48 Everyone cooperates with each 1. 43 other in solidarity 1. 25 1. 46 Social order is well maintained with few criminal offences 1. 46 People can live with peace of 1. 33 mind Hong Kong Chinese manufacturing companies 37 Table I. Rankings of values at the societal level in four countries Table II. Rankings of factors re? ecting the meaning of work in four countries Japan 6. Work gives us status and prestige 2. 67 Work gives us status and prestige 3. 90 Work is a useful way to serve society 3. 86 Work permits you to have interesting contacts with other people 3. 22 Work provides you with an income that is needed 3. 18 Work keeps you occupied Hong Kong 3. 14 Work is a useful way to serve 3. 16 Work itself is basically society interesting and satisfying 2. 39 Work gives us status and 3. 00 Work gives us status and prestige prestige 4. 31 Work provides you with an income that is needed 3. 72 Work permits you to have interesting contacts with other people 3. 41 Work itself is basically interesting and satisfying 3. 39 Work keeps you occupied Korea 38 1. Work provides you with an 4. 25 Work provides you with an income that is needed income that is needed 2. Work is a useful way to serve 3. 92 Work permits you to have society interesting contacts with other people 3. Work itself is basically 3. 76 Work itself is basically interesting and satisfying interesting and satisfying 3. 65 Work is a useful way to serve 4. Work permits you to have society interesting contacts with other people 5. Work keeps you occupied 2. 93 Work keeps you occupied China 3. 03 3. 75 3. 97 3. 98 3. 98 3. 98 CMS 2,1 ?rst and Chinese second, at the same time, Japanese and Koreans ranked this item fourth and ? fth, respectively. According to the ANOVA test, there are statistically signi? cant differences between the four societies in all six items (Appendix 2). Work is most prestigious, facilitates contacts and keeps people occupied most in Hong Kong and least in Japan and China. The work provides people with an income in Japan and Hong Kong, but this is not so important in China. Work is most interesting in China and Hong Kong. Commitment to the company and job satisfaction Commitment to the company was highest among Chinese employees, followed by those in Hong Kong, South Korea and Japan. Job satisfaction was measured in two different ways. In the ? rst part of the questionnaire, 15 facets of job satisfaction were evaluated on a ? ve-point scale and later among questions about age and marital status, there was a single question about general satisfaction with working life. Because of the larger number of items in this question, only the differences in rankings greater than four places are marked with italics in Table III. Satisfaction with the security of employment protection was second in Japan, tenth in South Korea and eleventh in China and Hong Kong. Satisfaction with welfare provisions was third in Japan, eighth in Korea, 13th in Hong Kong and 14th in China. Hong Kong people ranked satisfaction with trust between managers and employees third and Korean people ? fth. This item was only ranked eighth in China and Japan. Satisfaction with the competence of management was fourth in Korea, seventh in Hong Kong, ninth in China and 12th in Japan. Satisfaction with training and re-training is eighth in Hong Kong, tenth in China and Japan and 14th in South Korea. Satisfaction with length of working time was second in China, ? fth in Hong Kong and ninth in Japan and Korea. The results of the ANOVA test in Appendix 3 indicate statistically signi? cant differences between the four societies in all facets of job satisfaction except promotion opportunities (F(3; 2,057) ? 1. 745, p ? 0. 156) and business information provided by management (F(3; 2,086) ? 1. 411, p ? 0. 238), but also, in general satisfaction (F(3; 2,101) ? 5. 414, p ? 0. 001) and in commitment to the company (F(3; 2,002) ? 67. 544, p ? 0. 000). The general satisfaction with work life was highest in Hong Kong; Japan was next, followed by China and South Korea. In Japan, satisfaction with security of employment protection and welfare provision is higher than in other societies. Hong Kong is the country with highest satisfaction with training and re-training. Chinese satisfaction with relationships with the boss and co-workers and equal opportunities for women and men are higher than in other countries. Attitude to the determinants of pay The opinions of workers about the determinants of pay are shown in Table IV. Because of the larger number of items in this question, only differences greater than four places are marked with italics in Table IV. The level of education was ranked ? rst by Hong Kong people, only ninth in China and 11th in Korea and 14th in Japan. Korean respondents found company performance the most important and Hong Kong respondents the third most important pay determinant, whereas Chinese-ranked company performance ? fth and Japanese, sixth. Mental load was fourth in Japan, Chinese manufacturing companies 39 Table III. Rankings of the facets of job satisfaction in four countries Japan 14. Welfare provision 15. Pay and fringe bene? ts 11. Security of employment protection 12 Business information provided by management 13. Promotion opportunities 6. Equal opportunities for women and men 7. Work load 8. Trust between managers and employees 9. Competence of management 10. Training and re-training Hong Kong 2. 70 Equal opportunities for women and men 2. 72 Working conditions 2. 89 Work load 2. 75 Trust between managers and 2. 90 Welfare provision employees 2. 81 Length of working time 3. 00 Length of working time 3. 00 Training and re-training 3. 03 Security of employment protection 3. 02 Work load 3. 07 Business information provided by management 3. 06 Competence of management 3. 11 Equal opportunities for women and men 3. 20 Business information 3. 12 Pay and fringe bene? ts provided by management 3. 43 Promotion opportunities 3. 23 Training and re-training 3. 50 Pay and fringe bene? ts 3. 35 Promotion opportunities 3. 21 Pay and fringe bene? ts 3. 22 Promotion opportunities 2. 99 3. 01 2. 92 Work load 2. 94 Equal opportunities for women and men 3. 01 Security of employment protection 3. 09 Business information provided by management 3. 11 Welfare provision 3. 29 3. 36 3. 09 3. 04 3. 04 2. 98 2. 90 2. 86 2. 86 2. 78 2. 45 2. 67 2. 87 Competence of management 2. 88 Training and re-training 2. 76 Trust between managers and 2. 79 Length of working time employees 2. 86 Working conditions 2. 79 Working conditions 2. 31 Relationship with co-workers 2. 16 Relationship with co-workers 2. 71 Relationship with the boss 2. 54 The extent to which work is interesting 2. 72 The extent to which work is 2. 64 Trust between managers and interesting employees 2. 72 Competence of management 2. 79 Relationship with the boss Korea 40 1. Relationship with co-workers 2. 03 Relationship with co-workers 2. Length of working time 2. 39 Security of employment protection 3. The extent to which work is 2. 50 Welfare provision interesting 4. Relationship with the boss 2. 51 The extent to which work is interesting 5. Working conditions 2. 63 Relationship with the boss China CMS 2,1 2. 21 Language abilities 2. 24 Age 2. 52 Level of education 3. 02 Gender 13. Language abilities 14. Age 15. Gender 2. 44 Size of family the employee supports 2. 48 Language abilities 2. 72 Age 3. 31 Gender 2. 23 2. 33 2. 57 2. 07 2. 36 Length of service 2. 17 Length of service 2. 49 Age 2. 73 Gender 2. 96 Size of family the employee supports 2. 02 2. 06 2. 19 Language abilities 2. 31 Physical load 2. 13 Length of service 2. 16 Special personal characteristics required for the job 2. 36 Level of education 2. 16 2. 00 2. 44 Mental load 1. 96 2. 07 Special personal characteristics required for the job 2. 14 Group or team performance 1. 94 Mental load 1. 83 Physical load 2. 04 Physical load 1. 85 2. 06 Achievement of tasks 1. 93 Group or team performance 1. 88 Special personal characteristics required for the job 1. 91 Group or team performance 2. 16 Size of family the employee supports 1. 84 2. 05 Responsibility on the job 1. 88 Responsibility on the job 1. 71 Unpleasant working conditions 1. 76 Company performance 11. Size of family the employee supports 12 Length of service 9. Level of education 10. Group or team performance 8. Mental load 6. Special personal characteristics required for the job 7. Physical load 1. 76 1. 88 Skills required for the job 1. 47 Mental load 4. Unpleasant working conditions 5. Company performance 1. 50 1. 63 1. 70 1. 70 Unpleasant working conditions 1. 85 Skills required for the job 1. 41 Responsibility on the job 3. Responsibility on the job Hong Kong 1. 77 Level of education 1. 79 Unpleasant working conditions 1. 85 Company performance 1. 47 Company performance 1. 63 Achievement of tasks Korea 1. 27 Achievement of tasks 1. 36 Skills required for the job Japan 1. Achievement of tasks 2. Skills required for the job China Chinese manufacturing companies 41 Table IV. Rankings of the determinants of pay in four countries CMS 2,1 42 seventh in Korea and eighth in China and only 12th in Hong Kong indicate statistically signi? cant differences between the four societies for all the determinants of pay. Japanese respondents found mental load and family size more important and company performance, unpleasant working conditions, gender and education less important than the others. Respondents from Hong Kong put most emphasis on education, length of service, age, gender, language skills and team and ? rm performance compared with the other three countries. Chinese respondents were more interested than others in considering unpleasant working conditions, achievement of tasks, skills, special personal characteristics, responsibility required and physical load. Conclusions and discussion This study contributes to the understanding of factors in? uencing values and work-related attitudes at the societal, organizational and individual level. The ? ndings of the current study generally support the authors main proposition: respondents from China put more emphasis on the satisfaction of lower level needs than respondents from Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong. At the societal level, the Chinese respondents found material standard of living (statistically and signi? cantly) more important than the other three societies. At the same time, the work is less valued as provider of income in China than in Japan and Hong Kong. This could be explained by the low wages in China. Well-established values and ethics were most valued by Chinese respondents and least by Japanese respondents. This could be explained via the ? ndings from the comparison of cultural dimensions from the Globe study on the one hand, and values and work related attitudes from the Denki Ringo research on the other hand (Alas, 2006). According to this international comparison, ethics could be taken as the means for achieving the desired society. In other words, if people are less satis? ed with societal practices, they start to put more emphasis on ethics. This is in the hope that if everyone starts to behave more ethically, life will improve for them. Attitudes toward the organization are mutually connected with individual needs. Chinese employees were least satis? ed with welfare provision and security of employment protection. Both indicators were the highest in Japan, which has the most experience in building up a market economy from among this group of societies. Chinese respondents were also more interested in considering unpleasant working conditions as a determinant of pay than the other three. In attempting to explain these results from an institutional perspective, Chinese history should be considered. The lengthy experiencing of a centrally planned economy in China has brought different developments in the economy and material standards of living compared to the other three societies in the study. According to previous studies, the countries who had experienced a socialist regime have considerable less wealth than traditional capitalist countries (Alas and Rees, 2006). Therefore, at the societal level, the respondents from China put more emphasis on their material standard of living, and on unpleasant work conditions at the organizational level than the Japanese, South Korean and Hong Kong respondents. The reason for this could stem from their dif? culties in satisfying lower-level needs according to Maslow’s (1954) hierarchy of needs: the lower level needs of Chinese respondents were not satis? ed, therefore they turned more attention to the provision of welfare and employment protection than employees in the other three countries. The indicators of general satisfaction with working life almost supported this connection with material standards of living: this was highest in Hong Kong and Japan and lower in China and South Korea. The fact that general satisfaction with working life in South Korea is low may also be explained using the different levels of welfare and GDP in Korea compared to the more economically developed Japan and Hong Kong. These differences can also be connected with transition in Chinese

Technology What Are People For by Wendell Berry Essay Example

Technology: What Are People For by Wendell Berry Essay Question 3 is a passage from an excerpt from â€Å"What Are People For?† by Wendell Berry. This passage talks about the importance of how we take care of everything in the present for it to continue in the future. Technology has changed the world around us. We are the future generation that this passage is speaking about. Has technology taken over? What higher aim do we think this technological process is serving? Technology is growing every second we are here. I agree with the passage based on the argument that are given in which technology is growing dramatically. Humans are always looking for that way to be better. They want to be better in every aspect of their lives. Whether it is money, faith, or whatever it might be humans need to be â€Å"better.† In line 13, the passage says â€Å"The higher aims of â€Å"technological process† are money and ease.† What I believe the author was saying is that people make and are always trying to advance technology on the hope that they will receive money becoming wealthy in the process and to make a situation that was seemed to be difficult and make it less severe and have their name written all over it. People do not make new technologies just because its cool, they are always trying to advance it in order for their name to remembered and for the wealth that comes with it. In lines 14 and 15 the passage says â€Å"And this exalted greed for money and ease is disguised and justified by an obscure, cultish faith in â€Å"the future.† What this quote from the passage is telli ng us is that, people who are always trying to advance the technology in our world are nothing but fame wanters. In order to cover up what they truly want they tell the world and the people around them that it is based on what they think â€Å"the future† holds for us. They want us to believe that the future that is coming is going to be the way that media presents it to be and the way that we have always imagined it to be, the flyin We will write a custom essay sample on Technology: What Are People For by Wendell Berry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Technology: What Are People For by Wendell Berry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Technology: What Are People For by Wendell Berry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Traditions and History of Halloween Celebration

Traditions and History of Halloween Celebration Origin and Traditions of Halloween First associations that come to our mind when thinking about Halloween are popular trick-or-treat tradition, bobbing for apples, costume parades, parties and other family-friendly activities. Though, do you know or have you ever been interested in the true story behind the origin of this holiday? In fact, the origin of Halloween has 2000 years history, when Celtic tribes inhabited lands, nowadays, known as Great Briton and northern France. At that time, November 1st was known as a day of huge celebrations of a festival called Samhain. People were marking the end of the harvest and the beginning dark, cold time of a year. It was believed that the night before Samhain festival, October 31st, the dead return to the world of mortal as ghosts. For this reason, Celts would leave food and wine next to their doors as well as light bonfires in order to protect themselves from the evil. Later, when Celtic territories were conquered by the Roman Empire, the celebrations of Celtic festival acqu ired new traditions of Roman origin. Since then, Pomona, the Roman goddess of fruit and trees, and the apple symbol had become an integral part of the festivities. In 609 A.D., Christian church together with Pope Gregory III turned Samhain festival into All Hallows Day or All Saints Day and the night before the feast became known as Hallow Eve, eventually, Halloween. Talking about todays Halloween famous trick-or-treating, most of us dont know that souling and guising were the activities preceding the trick-or treat tradition and originated from Medieval Briton. Souiling was committed on All Souls Day, November 2nd, and included the activity of giving soul cakes for poor people, who in return would pray for peoples dead relatives. While guising was popular among young people, who used to dress up in diverse costumes and accept gifts like food, drinks and other offerings in exchange for reciting works of literature, dancing, performing jokes, and etc. Lots of traditions, though, were nt widely spread among population of colonial New England for a long time. It happened due to the rigid Protestant belief system. However, in 1950s, Halloween customs started to be revived thanks to Irish and Scottish immigrants, who brought the activities of souling and guising back and favored the appearance of trick-or-treating and many other kid-centered activities like bobbing for apples and costume parties. Nowadays, Halloween is considered to be one of Americas most commercial and world-wide know holidays after Christmas, of course. Both family-friendly and children oriented, Halloween festivities create fun for everyone. No matter what age or nationality you are, join the great atmosphere of joy, fear that Halloween traditions have prepared for you on the night of October 31st.

Much Ado About Nothing Quotes

'Much Ado About Nothing' Quotes Much Ado About Nothing is one of Shakespeares comedies, with one of the most popular romantic duos of all time. The play has wit, twists, turns - its a comedy. Here are a few quotes from the play. Act I He hath indeed better bettered expectation than you must expect of me to tell you how. (1.1) He is a very valiant trencher-man. (1.1) I see, lady, the gentleman is not in your books. (1.1) In time the savage bull doth bear the yoke. (1.1) Act II Lord! I could not endure a husband with a beard on his face: I hath rather lie in the woollen. (2.1) He that hath a beard is more than a youth, and he that hath no beard is less than a man. (2.1) Speak low if you speak love. (2.1) Friendship is constant in all other thingsSave in the office and affairs of love:Therefore all hearts in love use their own tongues;Let every eye negotiate for itselfAnd trust no agent. (2.1) There was a star danced, and under that was I born. (2.1) Sigh no more, ladies, sigh no more,Men were deceivers ever,-One foot in sea and one on shore,To one thing constant never. (2.3) Act III Our talk must only be of Benedick.When I do name him, let it by thy partTo praise him more than ever man did merit:My talk to thee must be how BenedickIs sick in love with Beatrice. Of this matterIs little Cupids crafty arrow made,That only wounds by hearsay. (3.1) Some Cupid kills with arrows, some with traps. (3.1) If I see any thing tonight why I should not marry her tomorrow, in the congregation, where I should wed, there will I shame her. (3.2) I tell this tale vilely- I should first tell thee how the Prince, Claudio, and my master, planted and placed and possessed by my master Don John, saw afar off in the orchard this amiable encounter. (3.3) Act IV There, Leonato, take her back again:Give not this rotten orange to your friend;Shes but the sign and semblance of her honor. (4.1) Your daughter here the princes left for dead,Let her awhile be secretly kept in,And publish it that she is dead indeed (4.1) She dying, as it must be so maintaind,Upon the instant that she was accusd,Shall be lamented, pitied, and excusdOf every hearer (4.1) I love you with so much of my heart that none is left to protest. (4.1) O that he were here to write me down an ass! But masters, remember that I am an ass: though it be not written down, yet forget not that I am an ass. (4.2) Act V I say thou has belied mine innocent child;Thy slander hath gone through and through her heart,And she lies buried with her ancestorsO! in a tomb where never scandal slept,Save this of hers, framd by thy villainy! (5.1) I have deceived even your very eyes: what your wisdoms could not discover, these shallow fools have brought to light, who in the night overheard me confessing to this man, how Don John your brother incensed me to slander the Lady Hero. (5.1) I have drunk poison while he utterd it. (5.1) Though and I are too wise to woo peaceably. (5.2) And when I livd I was your other wife;And when you lovd, you were my other husband. (5.4) One Hero died defild, but I do live,And surely as I live, I am a maid. (5.4) In brief, since I do purpose to marry, I will think nothing to any purpose that the world can say against it; and therefore never flout at me for what I have said against it; for man is a giddy thing, and this is my conclusion. (5.4)

Accounting as the Production of Financial Data in an Organization Essay

Accounting as the Production of Financial Data in an Organization - Essay Example This paper describes such authoritative sources required in the field of accounting. Among the four source genres, professional associations or credentialing associations often stand out as the most credible and authoritative sources of information on accountancy. This comes as a result of these associations offering membership to several professionals in the accounting field. In addition, these associations set the professional and ethical standards required of all the individuals in the field of accountancy. Professionals associations involve themselves in enlightening members through seminars, conferences and workshops. Moreover, many of these associations produce publications such as scholarly journals and periodicals made available to members of the association and to the general public. Therefore it becomes evident that even though all genres serve as credible sources of information on accounting, professional associations stand out more. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) is a professional association of Certified Public Accountants. This association stands out as an authoritative source of information on accounting due to various reasons. First, AICPA’s history runs back many years to its founding year in 1887. Therefore, its existence spans 125 years (AICPA website). Having existed for such a long period of time makes the association credible since a record of the association’s activity for all those years prove its authority over other associations whose lifespan is shorter. AIPCA boasts its large membership of around 386,000 Certified Public Accountants. The body gets acclamation as an international body since members of the association consist of individuals from 128 countries around the world. In addition, the members of the association are associates in a  variety of disciplines, among them student affiliates, education, government, public practice, and international associates. This proves that AICPA hosts a very diverse group of associates.  

Critically assess the postwar consensus thesis Essay

Critically assess the postwar consensus thesis - Essay Example There was however, some conflicts noted between the parties concerning the postwar consensus. The parties had consent to similar principles as well as aims but had differences in styles and emphasis (Bogdanor, 2011, para 1-9). This paper therefore has the focus of analyzing the concept of post war consensus with attention on the policies inside this concept as well as understanding the collapse of the concept as reviewed through scholarly works. Much of the evolution in the concept is attributed to in differences postulated by partisan political parties as well as the administration over the period. The concept of welfare state comprehensive in Great Britain dates back to mid Second World War as was developed in the reposts of William Biveridge in 1942. This is therefore the postulated foundation upon which the concept of postwar consensus is claimed to be built. Therefore, the policy formulations that resulted from the government of the labor party formed a basis on which the consen sus was formed on. The government undertook and implemented various policies which were distinct to the leadership history of the country. The conservative party had great influence in the industrial charter, which followed the successful formation of the previous government by the labor party. Moreover, the acknowledgement of the various policy frameworks by the party as they were designed and implemented by the party in power made the conservative party to reserve many of the policies during the 1947 industrial charter (Anon, nd, p. 217-222). Great Britain categorizes the historical perspective into two phases which span through the consensus period as well as the period after the consensus was broken and the period runs to today. The consensus period spun the years 1945 to 1979 after which the post consensus period set in and has been up to the current period (Matthijs, 2008, p. ii). After the end of the Second World War, the consensus that settled in and had a guiding commitment to full employment, industries were nationalized, government undertook to control the economic demand through application of the Keynesian techniques. Moreover, the government adopted the social welfare in a system of self-sponsored technique. The period after the election in 1945 saw the labor party form the government and adapted reformation policies and not revolutionary policies (McCulloch, 1985, p. 465). Economist and other analysts interpreted the system of government adopted by the labor party government as reformists as against revolutionalists. Non-revolutionary alliances of trade unions as well democratic socialists were the foundations, which formed the Labour party. The governance structure that succeeded the election of the Labour party to office mainly comprised of the political class of persons who had gotten into politics in the early 20th century. This period, which span across the years 1945 to 1951, was a characteristic period in the history of the country as it is credited to be the period in which many of the legislations in Britain were formulated. The government also placed policies which oversaw many industries nationalized until the 1980s. The welfare state as was a characteris

The Holy Spirit in the Gospel of John Essay Example for Free

The Holy Spirit in the Gospel of John Essay This paper will analyze the elements of the Gospel of John. Specifically, it will deal with the specific primary texts in the Gospel that deal with the Holy Spirit, and afterwards, will deal with the secondary literature on this topic. The basic argument here is that the purpose of the Sprit is to head the church and to guide the faithful to truth, avoiding heresy and schism. The Holy Spirit is the third person of the Holy Trinity: while the father is the uncreated hypostasis, he, outside of time, begets the Son, and the Holy Sprit proceeds from the father and rests in the Son. The Father is the principle of creation, the Son its Logos, its reason and interconnectedness, and it is sacralized through the church by the action of the Spirit. These are three persons to be found in a single God, a God with one nature. I. â€Å"And John bare record, saying, I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it abode upon him. † This is the first mention of the Spirit in John’s Gospel. He seems to ratify the baptism of Christ, showing very quickly in the first chapter that Christ is indeed God, and the Tripartite nature of the Godhead is being revealed to the world for the first time. The Spirit here acts as an autonomous entity (i. e. it is not a â€Å"part of† either the Father or the Son). Christ is to be bathed in the Spirit so as to show that He is the New Covenant: as the spirit (as yet unknown) descended upon the Ark in the Old Covenant, and rested upon Mary at the Annunciation, the Spirit again shows the divinity of the New Covenant, Christ, by descending at his baptism. In Christ’s conversation with Nikodemus, Christ speak of being born again. Making reference to the sacrament of baptism, Christ says that â€Å"unless a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God. † Just as Christ revealed Himself as the Son of God through the descent of the Spirit, so too Christians must show themselves to the world as adopted sons of God through baptism. The spirit is present in both, with Christ as the prototypical baptism. â€Å"It is the spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing: the words that I speak unto you, [they] are spirit, and [they] are life. † So says Christ in John 6: 63. Christ is speaking here both of the Holy Spirit, and the spiritual life of man. The Spirit is contrasted with the flesh, itself having two meanings: first, the life of the world, the world of power, of ego of sin, and hence, death. But it also refers to the passions and drives of individuals, the passions for lust greed and hatred that are the symptoms of living in a diseased world. Hence, the â€Å"Spirit,† when it is used in Scriptre, can mean one of two things: the soul of man, or the Spirit of God. These two are related in that the Spirit could not rest in something that did not have the ontological structure to receive it. In other words, man, in some fashion, has to be created in such a way so as to receive the Spirit of the father, and this is the soul, the immaterial principle of man, the form of the body, to use Aristotelian language. In John 7, Christ says: In the last day, that great [day] of the feast, Jesus stood and cried, saying, If any man thirst, let him come unto me, and drink. He that believeth on me, as the scripture hath said, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water. (But this spake he of the Spirit, which they that believe on him should receive: for the Holy Ghost was not yet [given]; because that Jesus was not yet glorified. ) This is a complex passage dealing with the Holy Spirit. First, Christ is identifying himself with the God of the Old Testament, for he says â€Å"as the scripture has said† in reference to Himself. Of course, he’s talking about the Old Covenant. But, as is so common in the Gospel of John, Christ is making a distinction between the life of the world and the life of the Spirit. The life of the world can never provide satisfaction: actual water, or food, or any natural desire of man is only of a temporary satisfaction. Only the spirit of God can give eternal satisfaction. The fact that Christ is referring top â€Å"water† here is important. First, water is a primary component of man’s physiology. Second, water can give life, it can cleanse, it can help things grow, but it can also drown if not used properly. â€Å"Water,† while not only a natural component of man, but an important desire, is only a figure. The figure is important, but it is only the â€Å"matter. † The â€Å"form† is the Holy Spirit itself. In other words, the only proper use of water, ritualistically speaking, is when it is used for baptism, but a baptism is not such unless the water be saturated with the Holy Spirit. When a man is baptized, he is now a stream of living water: he becomes an image, an icon, of the Son, in turn the image of the father. The man becomes a Christian through baptism, this is done through faith in the Spirit under the figure of water. He becomes an icon of he Son, and he becomes a preacher of the Spirit, hence, a flowing river that cleanses all it touches. Now the comment that the Spirit was not yet given refers to Pentecost. The Spirit works in the world, He worked in the Old Testament, but He has not been given in order to create the vessel of the final revelation: the church. This was to come only after Christ is â€Å"glorified,† that is, Transfigured, Murdered and then resurrected. As Christ goes to the father, Christ will pray to the Father than the Holy Spirit be sent to the infant church at Pentecost, institutionalizing (so to speak) the final revelation in spirit and truth. â€Å"[Even] the Spirit of truth; whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth him not, neither knoweth him: but ye know him; for he dwelleth with you, and shall be in you. † This is one of the most powerful statements about the Spirit in all of Scripture. It needs to be treated in detail. First, the Spirit of Truth: the Spirit proceeds from the father and rests upon the Son, glorifying him on Tabor, and raising Him up at his Resurrection. He is the truth for no other reason than he is the love that unites the father and the son in the embrace of love and truth. The Father is the principle of creation, the Being beyond being, the ultimate unity in all things, while Christ is the Logos, the principle of reason that identifies all things as they are and interconnects them with the father and with each other. The spirit is the image of this connection: of singularity and multiplicity, image and prototype. The Spirit is the sanctifier, he shows the connection between the Father and the Son for all who believe. But just as important, the Spirit here is both the truth of nature and its relation to God as creator, but he will come to speak the truth to the church. He will guide the church in all its actions, providing a means to tell the true church from the false, the true preacher from the hireling. But that’s just the problem: the world’s authorities, the people who they worship, are in fact hirelings in their actions. The â€Å"world† here refers to the system of power, of empire and the state, the economic elitism of Israel that has rejected the prophetic equalitarian economics so important to Amos and Hosea. The world cares about passion, greed and gain, it cares about the lower passions of self-importance and the Pharaseeism of â€Å"correctness. † It cares not for truth, but only for power. Hence, when the Spirit will show Himself, only a few will be able to recognize Him. The Spirit, animating the Apostles, will preach pain and suffering: the narrow path of self-denial and martyrdom. The false preachers, the wolves among the sheep, will preach the broad path: easy and full of physical satisfaction. This passage holds that the true Church of Christ will always be small, it will not recognize the world (and vice versa) and that this Spirit, when it takes possession of a man, will re-create the remnant, the true Israelites without guile. This passage is nothing more than the preaching of the Church, its future and the means whereby it can be known. For added emphasis, Christ says this a few verses later: â€Å"But the Comforter, [which is] the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you. † The passage above was the general idea: this is the specific application. The Spirit, here again shown as coming from the Father and not the Son (though it speaks of the Son), acts as the relation between the two: the Spirit is the relation of universal and particular: the unity of God and the incarnated Logos, the principle of logic and reason in nature, its ordered existence, including that of mankind and their relation to the creator. The father will send the â€Å"Spirit in my name,† that is, it will preach the doctrine of the Son. One mark of the true spirit is that it will never deviate from the teachings of Christ as found in the Scriptures. As the Trinity contains three persons, it has a single essence. As far as we are concerned, there is a single teaching, a single doctrine, a single nature, and hence, there can be only one Truth, only one true Church. Because of the single essence of the Trinity that is expressed in three persons, there can only be one teaching. The Spirit cannot go where the Son is not. The Sprit cannot preach any doctrine that the Son has not made manifest. And again: â€Å"But when the Comforter is come, whom I will send unto you from the Father, [even] the Spirit of truth, which proceedeth from the Father, he shall testify of me:And ye also shall bear witness, because ye have been with me from the beginning. † Here, the idea that the Son is not the ontological source of the Spirit is reiterated. The Spirit, like the Son, derives from the same source, the Being of Being, the Father. The truths above are reiterated for extra emphasis: first, that the comforter is from the Father, the Principle, that He will teach only truth, and hence, sects that do not preach Christ in the Scriptures are not grace filled, they do not have the Spirit in them. The Spirit, as far as men are concerned, is the very â€Å"content† of the Truth, or true doctrine. But as Christ has said in the last chapter, the demons are already working within the infant church, and we can interpret this with ease as that they are spreading falsehood under the name of â€Å"christ. † But in this passage, the actions of the apostles (the first bishops and leaders of the church) are given a role. The Spirit will animate them to preach and travel throughout the globe bringing Christ to the gentiles who are unspoiled by the Pharisees and their â€Å"legalism. † The Truth is an animating Sprit, it is at the root of the proper teaching of the gospel, and importantly, eliminating any heresies that are bound to develop. This passage in many ways is also a commission for the apostles to being writing down what they have witnessed. The Truth of the Spirit will be verified by the apostolic teaching in that the apostles have witnessed the preaching and actions of Jesus. Hence the witness of the apostles is central to verifying the truth as preached by their successors. Many will come claiming to have Christ or the spirit or the apostolic mandate, but it is only the witness of the apostles that serves as the benchmark for having the Spirit. This is of immense importance. In Chapter 16, Christ says: Nevertheless I tell you the truth; It is expedient for you that I go away: for if I go not away, the Comforter will not come unto you; but if I depart, I will send him unto you. And when he is come, he will reprove the world of sin, and of righteousness, and of judgment. . . .Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth: for he shall not speak of himself; but whatsoever he shall hear, [that] shall he speak: and he will shew you things to come. He shall glorify me: for he shall receive of mine, and shall shew [it] unto you. There is a curious connection between Christ’s leaving (so to speak), and the Spirit’s coming. Christ will leave the world bodily, but the Spirit will be sent from the father to maintain His teaching. But the spirit is seen as a successor to Christ in the flesh doing through spirit what Christ was able to do in his sinless flesh. This may be interpreted as a means of Christ saying to the apostles that what was preached in the flesh now must be acted out in spirit. Christ laid the groundwork for salvation, giving his blood and death on the cross, but now, the spirit will act as a means to assist the new covenant to preach the word as the apostles see fit under the circumstances. The Spirit is seen as having a function. First, to bring Truth to the church (and nowhere else), and, equally as important, to condemn the world. Christ will not do that, but the Spirit will. The Spirit has no room for the flesh except the life of the church, which is a spiritualized flesh, the self-denial of the narrow path. Christ’s mission will be sanctified and glorified by the action of the spirit: the spirit is not a new revelation, but will assist the church in important ways: iin doctrine, in apologetics, in spiritual approach and the very construction of the Scriptures, which are spirit filled. The spirit will not offer new doctrine, but will complete what Christ has started by bringing his teaching to the world and to generations to come. The fulfillment of this promise will occur at Pentecost, but a foretaste of this occurrence can be found in John 20, where Christ imparts the Spirit to the apostles in the upper room: â€Å"And when he had said this, he breathed on [them], and saith unto them, Receive ye the Holy Ghost. Whose soever sins ye remit, they are remitted unto them; [and] whose soever [sins] ye retain, they are retained. † This is the final mention of the Spirit in John’s gospel. It is important because it includes the apostolic mandate to forgive sins. The Spirit will be the action that forgive sins, so to speak â€Å"applying† the blood of Christ to those who seek forgiveness. The apostles will receive the spirit, and the first thing that is said once this is done is that they are to forgive sins with this new power. But, as hinted above, the judgement is up to the church, the church founded on the scriptures by the apostles: the apostles can withhold the spirit if the person in question does not seem properly disposed to receive it. The church is given a mandate that it can forgive sins through the imparting of the spirit, but that the church is able to give the judgement as to how, when and where this is to be used. This is the issue: Christ will not be among them any more, they will no longer be pupils, but masters of the spirit. They are now called upon to make a judgement as to the use of this gift, and this is the role of the church in the day to day life of the community of Christ.

Hypatia of Alexandria :: essays research papers

Hypatia of Alexandria Hypatia was born in 370 A.D. in Alexandria, Egypt. From that day on her life was one enriched with a passion for knowledge. Theon, Hypatia’s father whom himself was a mathematician, raised Hypatia in an environment of thought. Both of them formed a strong bond as he taught her his own knowledge and shared his passion in the search of answers to the unknown. Under her fathers discipline he developed a physical routine for her to ensure a healthy body as well as a highly functional mind. Her father instructed her on the different religions of the world and how to influence people with the power of words. Also taught her the fundamentals of teaching so she could be a profound orator. From the teachings of her father, she to became a mathematician and philosopher which she was recognized the head of the Neo-Platonist school of philosophy at Alexandria. Due to her eloquence, modesty, and beauty, combined with her remarkable intellectual gifts, she attracted a large number of pupils . Her students were aristocratic young men, both Pagan and Christian, who rose to occupy influential civil and eccelestrastical positions. They considered Hypatia as their â€Å"divine guide† into the realm of philosophical and cosmic mysteries, which included mathematics. She combined the principles of free thinking and the ideal of pure living. She was known for her prudence, moderation, and self control, and for her ease of manner and her beauty. She was recognized as an eloquent teacher and by 390 A.D. her circle of influence was well-established. She also symbolized learning and science which in time of Western history were largely identified by early Christians with Paganism. As such, she was the focal point in the tension and riots between Christians and non-Christians that racked more than once in Alexandria. In this time Cyril roused negative sentiment toward Orestes and Orestes was attacked by 500 Nitrian monks. Due to Cyril and his negativity and what he caused to happen to Orestes, Hypatia fell victim to the political hostilities due to being a close associate of Orestes and was undoubtedly defamed by Cyril. Admiration for her became resentment and she was perceived as an obstacle to the conciliation of Orestes and Cyril. Being as that, Cyril began planning Hypatia’s most crucial death. In 415 A.D., during Lent, while riding in her chariot through the streets of Alexandria, she was attacked upon by a fanatical mob of antipagan Christians.

Critical Lens Essay

  Fyodor Dostrevsky said, â€Å"Fear is simply the consequence of every lie.† This quote means that you aren’t afraid of the action you made but you’re scared of the action that are going to be made toward you as a punishment. This quote agreeable because a lot of the time when a person lies there thinking right then an there, the fear of what’s going to happen to you when the truth comes out is what punishes you the most not the actual consequence it’s self. Fyodor Dostrevskys quote is evident in All-night Part by R.L.Stine and The Crucible by Arthur Miller because in each wok of literature they all have to face the consequences of lying and the fear of their punishment. Through Abigail in The Crucible by Arthur Miller she can relate to the quote because she feared what would happen to her if she told Bettys father Reverend Parris what really happened in the woods. So to save her self from the trouble that would lie ahead for her if she did tell the truth she blamed everything on Tituba. This is evident to the conflict man vs. society because she felt the need to lie to save her self from getting into whatever punishment the town of Salem would set for her which would be something along the lines of being whipped or stoned. This relates to the critical lens because it shows what happens when you fear the consequences of the lie more then the actual lie its self. In All-night party by R.L.Stine the lie that was told from Patrick when he tells his group of friends was that the cut on his hand was really from the broken window. Patrick can relate to the critical lens because he feared the consequences of his lie which would be him going to jail for killing Cindy. This is similar to the conflict person vs. person because there was a problem between Patrick and Cindy that ended with Patrick killing her. In the end he confesses to his wrongdoing and was put into jail. Fyodor Dostrevsky said, â€Å"Fear is simply the consequence of every lie† I found this quote agreeable because in The Crucible you see what someone would do just to not face there punishment due to lying which would be person vs. society. All-night party shows an example what happens when you lie and then tell the truth, which would be p erson vs. person. Each work of literature has its own sense of conflict. The Crucibles conflict was Abigail lying about what Betty, Tituba and herself did in the woods. That she blamed on Tituba. In All-night party they deal with the death of their best friend.

Reaction Paper on “Matilda” Essay

â€Å"If you’re not having fun, you’re not learning†, this quote is taken form the movie â€Å"Matilda†. This is very meaningful to me because it is placed in the classroom of Miss Honey and it contradicts the school’s ambience of not being a conducive place (or even a fun place) learn. This of course is reinforced with the meanest principal on Earth, Miss Trunchbull, who is in fact hates children. I do agree with the quote because if you’re not having fun with what you are doing, then it would not be fun and it would not be even meaningful. I also think that having that fun environment will have a positive effect on the learner. The movie has parts that the class really enjoyed. The most thrilling parts for me were: 1) Matilda discovered her power; 2) Matilda was adopted by Miss Honey. I like the first one because I’m always fascinated about supernatural powers and mysticism. My reading preferences are always of a mystical genre, full of witches, spell, and supernatural beings and such. When I was a child, I have a very wide imagination and I will always imagine myself as a warlock casting spells or an extraordinary being that have powers like telekinesis, invisibility, shape shifter and many more. I also like the second one because I believe that every child deserves the best home possible. A child should have a home and a family that will encourage and enhance their mind. The movie, â€Å"Matilda†, is a very good movie about reading and about togetherness in the family. In the movie, reading for me is depicted in two ways. First, reading is a privilege skill that only the sophisticated people can practice fully. This is half true because nowadays the prices of book are too expensive for the poor people or even some of the middle-class people. Even some of the books that are published here in the Philippines are too expensive. But thanks to the very famous Book Sale, we can afford international or even local books that have a very good authority and storyline. The second is reading as a very powerful tool in battling simple to complex situations. There was one video I watched there the librarian said that â€Å"If knowledge is power, then I am in charge of an arsenal.† The books are powerful arsenals; they’re like bullets and our mind (while reading them) is the gun. Matilda is a very wide and complex reader. Wide in a way that she reads books from different genres and different eras. Complex in a way that she reads books that are way passed her capability or understanding as a child. I can really relate to Matilda in a way that I want to read so many books so badly but due to some circumstances I cannot. I can also relate to Matilda’s eagerness in reading. I too am eager in reading, mist especially when I like the book. I always try to read book from different genres and eras, just like Matilda. Reading that widely can enhance your knowledge and other skills like communication and social skills. All in all, â€Å"Matilda† is a very good movie with a lot of lessons like overcoming an obstacle is to face it wholeheartedly and don’t underestimate others. The parents are the ones who will instil the very rewarding skill of reading to their children. And I quote from one Emilie Buchwald, â€Å"Children are made readers on the laps of their parents.† We should all be Matilda, a very wide and complex reader and a very enthusiastic one too. Not being a stereotypical child who just plays outside. Lastly, I quote from one Frederick Douglass, â€Å"Once you learn to read, you will be forever free.†

Is The Use Of Animals For Research Purposes Justified

Is The Use Of Animals For Research Purposes Justified Ethical Issues about the Use of Animals for Experiments Animals have been in use for experimentation for a  long time especially in the medical field where it has enabled scientists to discover and gain knowledge and understanding of the biological processes as to improvement the quality of human life. Despite the wide use of animal experimentation in scientific fields, it has become an ethical issue that has pitted the pro-experimentation and against the animal rights activists that have been strongly challenging not only the legality of the continued use of animals for experiments but also the ethics behind it. This paper presents different arguments for and against the use of animals for research purposes. The population of animals has been dropping drastically worldwide in the recent times. A report by Jarrod in 2010 shows that the chimpanzees population has dropped from 2 million to just about 150,000 in the recent years. The same applies to the population of rabbits that has dropped from over 3 billion to just about 1.5 million today. The use of an animal for scientific research has been cited as a major reason for the dramatic decline in these animals population and those of other animals, such as rats, pigs, sharks, and dogs among others. In the US, animals are widely used in scientific research, especially in testing products consumed by humans, as well as the effectiveness of certain drugs. Want to learn more? Go here: Torture Is Never Justified How to Write a Case Study? The Internet Has Been Overly Commercialized Is Science Atheistic?   Legalization of Marijuana Issue Animal Testing is Required by the Law Despite the growing trend in the use of animals for scientific research, there has been a growing debate from different quarters of the American society with one side in support and the other in opposition. Supporters of the use of animals for experiments argue that the use of animals for scientific research is a good thing because it enables the scientists to discover some of the useful information about products and drugs that help in advancing the quality of life of animals and humans. Proponents of experimentation maintain that animals such as chimpanzees, mice and cows have 99.4%, 99% and 90% genes similar to those of humans respectively. As such, using these animals that have the same organs and nerve system is useful in making discoveries on things such as drugs and how effective or dangerous they can be on humans before permitting them for humans. They cite the US laws requiring that all prescription drugs be tested on animals before they can be allowed for sale in the market .   This way, any danger with the prescription drug is detected in the animals and avoided for use in the humans because the life of a human is more valuable than that of an animal. Secondly, proponents of the use of animals for experimentation argue that animals have no rights as human beings. They maintain that unlike humans that have the ability to reason, animals have no right. Therefore, animals cannot make a moral claim or defend themselves in an intelligent manner. Additionally, proponents of the use of animals for experimentation maintain that because animals do not have respect for humans rights, there is nothing wrong with using them for experimentation purposes. Experimentation Helps to Discover Medicines for Animals Thirdly, those in support of the use of animals for experimentation maintain that the use of animals for experimentation has resulted in the discovery of better veterinary medicines and improved welfare of animals. They speak about the heartworm a drug that was discovered out of research conducted on animals and has since proved useful in helping save the lives of many dogs across the globe. Besides, they cite that animal research has resulted in the better understanding of nutrition for cats and the reasons why cats live much longer than other animals and maintain good health. Additionally, proponents of the animal research argue that man has dominion over all other creatures. As such, man has control over animals and can do research with them. They cite Genesis chapter 1:28, where after God has created everything and blessed them, God instructed man to be fruitful and multiply, as well as have dominion over all animals of land, air, and sea. Testing Causes Animals Pain and Suffering Despite the strong arguments in favor of animal research, animal activists have strongly opposed the continued use of animals for scientific research arguing that it causes a lot of pain and suffering to animals. As such, because the suffering caused to animals is so high, there is no justification for the benefits to humans. Secondly, animal rights activists have strongly opposed animal experimentation arguing that there has not been any proof of the benefits to human. Jarrod 2010 research, for instance, found that the research conducted on chimpanzees in an attempt to try to discover the medication for HIV did not provide any result despite the claim that chimpanzees share about 99.4% of DNA with humans. Unlike humans, chimpanzees do not develop AIDS after getting infected with HIV. Other opponents of animal research also argue that even other animals that share similar DNA features with humans do not provide reliable test because they might not react in the same way as humans would. As such, it is wrong to continue subjecting animals to pain and suffering in the name of science. In conclusion, animal use for research is a common practice all over the world. However, this practice is raising ethical issues that need to be addressed soberly. Experiments should not be conducted in the manner that causes a lot of harm and suffering to animals.

The Best Jobs for Recent College Graduates

The Best Jobs for Recent College Graduates it’s rough entering  the job market after college these days, and a rough market regardless. candidates with experience are almost universally privileged in the hiring process. it can take a while to find your opening and grab it. that said, recent grads have the advantage of being (usually) single and flexible. you might consider moving across the country for a job, where someone more entrenched would not. if you’re that flexible, consider the states on this list, by field, where recent grads and gen y-ers will have the best luck getting a great gig.industry: airlinepossible jobs: engineering (aerospace, flight, electrical, mechanical design, etc.), pilot, customer service rep, officer, flight attendant, pricing analystbest place to be: minnesota. younger workers in their  20s  make up a much larger percentage of the work force there, and the median annual salary for employees of this age group wasn’t any lower.industry: ambulatory health carepossible jobs : physical therapy, personal training, dental hygienist, case manager, office manager, pa.best place to be: connecticut, with median salaries for employees under 30 at 21% above the national average.industry: bankingpossible jobs: teller, assistant branch manager, analyst, customer service rep, loan officerbest place to be: utahindustry: beverage and tobacco marketingpossible jobs: account manager, sales manager/rep, event coordinator, financial analyst, designer, marketing managerbest place to be: new york. try first at pepsico and phillip morris.industry: broadcasting (tv/radio)possible jobs: account executive, advertising film/video editor, graphic artist/designer, reporter, producer-director, radio show host, etc.best place to be: new york. try: viacom, cbs, nbc, abc, fox, turner broadcasting, or mtv.industry: clothing and accessoriespossible jobs: assistant buyer, designer, assistant designer, retail department manager, graphic artist/designer, retail salesbest place to be: new yorkindustry: computer and electronic manufacturingpossible jobs: electrical or mechanical engineer, film/video editor, graphic artist/designer, software developer/programmerbest place to be: virginia. try qimonda, micron technology, and genesic.industry: constructionpossible jobs: manager, commercial estimator, marketing coordinator, project engineer, staff accountantbest place to be: washington,  d.c.industry: educationpossible jobs: admissions counselor, elementary school teacher, financial aid counselor, high school teacher, non-profit program coordinator, special education teacher, teacher’s assistantbest place to be: washington,  d.c.industry: electrical, appliance, and component equipment manufacturingpossible jobs: account manager, sales, customer service rep, electrical or mechanical or manufacturing engineer, inside sales rep, operations manager, outside sales rep, sales engineerbest place to be: new jersey. try tyco, cn burman, sea gull, and griffith electric supply.industry: executive, legislative, and other general government supportpossible jobs: accountant, administrative assistant, auditor, cpa, financial or intelligence analyst, senior tax accountant, software engineer, developer/programmer, staff accountant, data entry specialistbest place to be: washington,  d.c.industry: servicepossible jobs: barista, cashier, supervisor, restaurant manager, marketing, grocery staff accountantbest place to be: new york. the higher-end the place, the better your paycheck.industry: funds, trusts, etc.possible jobs: benefits or business or research analyst, financial/securities/investment analyst, fund accountant, pension administration, staff accountantbest place to be: massachusetts. surprising though it may be. try watson wyatt worldwide, putnam investments, fidelity investments, and harvard management first.industry: heavy and civil engineering constructionpossible jobs: accountant, administrative assistant, civil engineer, financial analyst, mechanical engineer, petroleum engineer, project engineer, staff accountantbest place to be: utah. try questar!industry: hospitalspossible jobs: rn, medical/clinical laboratory tech, occupational therapist, physical therapist, pabest place to be: nevadaindustry: hotelspossible jobs: assistant general manager, front desk clerk, guest services manager, night auditor, sales manager, shift managerbest place to be: washington,  d.c.industry: internet service providers, web search, and data processingpossible jobs: graphic artist/designer, marketing coordinator, it project manager, web developer, software engineer, web designer developerbest place to be: maryland. try bay broadband communications and comcast.industry: legal services, accounting, and scientific researchpossible jobs: paralegal/legal assistant, certified public accountant (cpa), civil engineer, graphic artist/designer, information technology (it) consultant, interior designer, staff accountantbest place to be: washingto n,  d.c. try booz allen hamilton, corporate executive board, ibm, bearingpoint, accenture, and sra internationalindustry: miscellaneous manufacturingpossible jobs: biomedical or manufacturing or medical device quality engineer, biotech research associatebest place to be: nevada. try international game technology and aristocrat technologies.industry: museums, historic sites, etc.possible jobs: art gallery curator, graphic artist/designer, program coordinator, recreation coordinator, special events coordinator, zookeeperbest place to be: new yorkindustry: national security and international affairspossible jobs: aerospace engineer, contract administrator, electrical engineer, financial or intelligence analyst, mechanical or software engineerbest place to be: massachusetts. try raytheon in waltham and general dynamics in quincy.industry: oil and gas extractionpossible jobs: accountant, chemical engineer, financial analyst, mechanical engineer, oil gas landman, petroleum engineer, an d geologistbest place to be: utah. try questar and chevron. or louisiana as an alternative.industry: online publishingpossible jobs: copy editor, graphic artist/designer, news reporter, software engineer/developer/programmer, web designerbest place to be: new york. try nytimes.com, yahoo!, aol, and fox interactive.industry: performing arts, spectator sports, etc.possible jobs: copy editor, event coordinator, executive assistant, film/video editor, graphic artist/designer, marketing coordinator, producer-director, tv/cable broadcast, special events managerbest place to be: new yorkindustry: pharmaceutical/chemical manufacturingpossible jobs: chemical or mechanical engineer, biotech research associate, research scientist, pharmaceutical sales representativebest place to be: maryland. try otsuka maryland medicinal laboratories, bowles fluidics, and millennium inorganic chemicals.industry: print publishingpossible jobs: assistant editor, copy editor, editorial assistant, graphic artist/ designer, managing editor, marketing coordinator, newspaper reporter, software engineerbest place to be: washingtonindustry: securities, commodity contracts, financial investmentspossible jobs: associate in investment banking, banking analyst, financial/securities/investments analyst, financial adviser, fund accountantbest place to be: new yorkindustry: social workpossible jobs: case manager, child care/day care worker, child, family, or school social worker, director, child care, nanny or au pair preschool teacher, (not special education) program coordinator, nonprofit organization social workerbest place to be: washington,  d.c.industry: sporting goods, hobby, book, and music storespossible jobs: customer service rep, store department manager, graphic artist/designer, inside sales representative, marketing coordinator, retail sales associate/assistant manager/manager, and wholesale and retail buyerbest place to be: new jersey. try toys ‘r’ us, sports authority, hein o’s sky cycle, barnes noble.industry: transportation equipment manufacturingpossible jobs: aerospace engineer, electrical engineer, financial analyst, industrial engineer, manufacturing engineer, manufacturing process engineer, mechanical design engineer, mechanical engineer, product development engineer, automotive senior mechanical engineerbest place to be: maryland. try alcore.